Common Name: Barium Nitrate
CAS Number: 10022-31-8
DOT Number: UN 1446
Date: July, 1987
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* Barium Nitrate can affect you when breathed in.
* Contact can irritate and even burn the eyes and skin.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat.
* Repeated high exposure can irritate the lungs, causing cough
and phlegm and may cause an abnormal chest x-ray.
* Very high exposures (such as swallowing or extremely high dust
exposure) can cause Barium poisoning with symptoms of vomiting
and diarrhea, irregular heart beat, paralysis, and death.
IDENTIFICATION
Barium Nitrate is an odorless, shiny, white crystalline (sugar or
sand-like) solid. It is used in fireworks, ceramics, and in the
electronics industry.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Barium Nitrate is on the Hazardous Substance List because it
is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT and NFPA.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* These exposure limits are recommended for Soluble Barium
compounds and are measured as Barium.
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is
0.5 mg/m3 averaged over an 8 hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 0.5 mg/m3
averaged over an 8-hour workshift.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Barium Nitrate.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of Barium Nitrate to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
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HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to Barium Nitrate:
* Skin or eye contact causes severe irritation and even burns.
* Breathing the dust or mist can irritate the nose, throat and
bronchial tubes, causing cough and phlegm.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to Barium Nitrate and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently available to the New
Jersey Department of Health, Barium Nitrate has not been
tested for its ability to cause cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently available to the New
Jersey Department of Health, Barium Nitrate has not been
tested for its ability to affect reproduction.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure may cause Barium to show up as spots in the
lungs on a chest x-ray. This usually takes 1 to 2 years to
develop and can remain for years after exposure. It is not in
itself believed to affect lung function but dust irritation
could affect lung function.
* Repeated skin contact can cause chronic dryness and cracking.
* Very high exposures (such as swallowing or extremely high dust
exposure) can cause Barium poisoning with symptoms of vomiting
and diarrhea, irregular heart beat, paralysis and death.
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may
be useful:
* Lung function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Barium Nitrate
should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Barium
Nitrate.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work
area for emergency use.
* On skin contact with Barium Nitrate, immediately wash or
shower to remove the chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Barium Nitrate is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean-up.
Do not dry sweep.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Barium Nitrate. Wear protective gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust-proof goggles when working with powders or dust,
unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
* IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment
should only be used if the employer has a written program that
takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for
worker training, respirator fit testing and medical exams, as
described in OSHA 1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for exposures over 0.5 mg/m3 of
Barium, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved full facepiece respirator
equipped with particulate (dust/fume/mist) filters.
Particulate filters must be checked every day before work for
physical damage, such as rips or tears, and replaced as
needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or canister respirator,
you can smell, taste, or otherwise detect Barium Nitrate, or
in the case of a full facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately. Check to make sure the
respirator-to-face seal is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential exposures in your workplace.
You may need a combination of filters, prefilters, cartridges,
or canisters to protect against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures exists, use a
MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a
full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode.
* Exposure to 250 mg/m3 is immediately dangerous to life and
health. If the possibility of exposures above 250 mg/m3
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece operated in continuous flow or
other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: Barium Nitrate
DOT Number: UN 1446
DOT Emergency Guide code: 42
CAS Number: 10022-31-8
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NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY 0
REACTIVITY 0
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of
surrounding fire. Barium Nitrate itself does not burn.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Oxides of
Nitrogen.
* Contact with organic or combustible materials such as wood,
paper or oil, can cause fires or explosions.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Barium Nitrate is spilled, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill.
* Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe
manner and deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Barium Nitrate
as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Department of
Environmental Protection (DEP) or your regional office of the
federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for specific
recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Barium Nitrate you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* Barium Nitrate must be stored to avoid contact with ORGANIC
and COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS (such as wood, paper, oil and
fuels); and ALUMINUM and MAGNESIUM ALLOYS since violent
reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool well-ventilated
area.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash
contaminated skin with large amounts of water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Nitric Acid, Barium Salt
Other Names and Formulations:
Barium Dinitrate.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
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NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
(609) 984-2202
------------------------------------------
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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Barium is a yellowish-white solid which exists in a variety of salt
forms. Barium and its salts have a wide variety of applications,
including uses in nuclear reactors, electronic tubes, as additives
in lubricating oils, in the manufacture of pyrotechnics and
explosives, in tanning and finishing leathers, as a mordant for
fabrics and dyes, in electroplating, aluminum refining, and rubber
manufacture; and in the production of paints and enamels. Barium
may enter the environment from industrial and municipal waste
treatment plant discharges, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
Barium and its salts have moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short-
term effects of barium or its salts to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
Barium and its salts have moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of barium or its salts to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Most of the barium salts are either highly or moderately soluble in
water. Concentrations of 1 to 1,000 milligrams and more will mix
with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Barium is highly persistent in water, with a half-life greater than
200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it
takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of barium found in fish tissues is expected to be
about the same as the average concentration of in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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