Common Name: Auramine
CAS Number: 492-80-8
DOT Number: None
Date: January, 1989
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* Auramine can affect you when breathed in and by passing
through your skin.
* Auramine should be handled as a CARCINOGEN WITH EXTREME
CAUTION.
* Chemicals similar to Auramine can interfere with the ability
of the blood to carry oxygen (a condition called
(methemoglobinemia). This can cause weakness, shortness of
breath and a bluish color to the fingernails, nose and lips.
* Contact can irritate and may damage the eyes.
IDENTIFICATION
Auramine is a yellow, crystalline (sand like) powder or flaky
material. It is used as a dye (C.I. Solvent Yellow 34) for paper,
textiles, and leather. It has also been used as an antiseptic and
a fungicide.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Auramine is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is
cited by NTP and EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been established for Auramine.
This does not mean that this substance is not harmful. Safe work
practices should always be followed.
It should be recognized that Auramine can be absorbed through your
skin, thereby increasing your exposure.
* Auramine is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should
be reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be established where Auramine
is handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Auramine and at
the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of Auramine to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
------------------------------------------
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to Auramine:
* Exposure through breathing or skin contact of chemicals
similar to Auramine, can interfere with the ability of the
blood to carry oxygen (a condition called methemoglobinemia).
This can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, a bluish color to
the fingernails, nose and lips and even collapse.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to Auramine and can last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* The manufacture of Auramine (which also involves exposure to
other chemicals) is associated with an increased incidence of
bladder cancer in workers.
* Auramine may be a CARCINOGEN in humans since it has been shown
to cause liver and lymphatic cancers in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to
a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for
causing reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently available to the New
Jersey Department of Health, Auramine has not been tested for
its ability to adversely affect reproduction.
Other Long Term Effects
* Repeated exposure to similar chemicals has caused liver and
kidney damage.
* Some similar compounds have caused skin and lung allergies. It
is not known if Auramine has this effect.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may
be useful:
* Blood methemoglobin level.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer Auramine from drums or
other storage containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Auramine
should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Auramine.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work
area for emergency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower
facilities should be provided.
* On skin contact with Auramine, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the workshift, wash any
areas of the body that may have contacted Auramine, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Auramine is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during cleanup. DO
NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA)
filter should be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Auramine. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide
recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory
protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure
to Auramine does not occur.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air
respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the
continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated
in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: Auramine
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 492-80-8
----------------------------------------
Hazard rating NJDOH NFPA
FLAMMABILITY Not Found Not Rated
REACTIVITY Not Found Not Rated
----------------------------------------
CARCINOGEN
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or alcohol foam
extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Auramine is spilled or leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill or leak until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe
manner and deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Auramine as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your Department of Environmental
Protection (DEP) or your regional office of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for specific
recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Auramine you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated
area.
* A regulated, marked area should be established where Auramine
is handled, used, or stored.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area
with large amounts of water. Seek medical attention
immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Aniline, 4,4' (Imidocarbonyl)bis(N,N Dimethyl)
Other Names and Formulations:
Brilliant Oil Yellow; C.I. 41000B; C.I. Basic Yellow 2, Free Base;
C.I. Solvent Yellow 34.
------------------------------------------
Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
------------------------------------------
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368
------------------------------------------
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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Auramine is a chemical which as the hydrochloride is used as a
biological stain. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
Auramine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and land
animals. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict
the short-term effects of auramine to plants or
birds.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
Auramine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of auramine to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Auramine is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of between
1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Auramine will react rapidly with water and therefore will not
accumulate in aquatic organisms or the environment.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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