Common Name: Arsenic Trioxide
CAS Number: 1327-53-3
DOT Number: UN 1561
Date: August 1, 1987
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* Arsenic Trioxide can affect you when breathed in. Some Arsenic
Trioxide may enter the body through the skin.
* Arsenic Trioxide is a CARCINOGEN//HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Skin contact can cause burning, itching, thickening and color
changes.
* Eye damage can result from contact.
* High or repeated exposures can cause nerve damage, poor
appetite, nausea, stomach cramps and vomiting, diarrhea and
even death.
* Exposure can irritate the nose and throat.
* A very deadly gas is released in the presence of acid or acid
mist.
IDENTIFICATION
Arsenic Trioxide is a white powder or colorless crystal (sugar or
sand-like) material. It is used as a pesticide, a wood and tanning
preservative and to make other Arsenic compounds and glass.
REASON FOR CITATION
Arsenic Trioxide is a white powder or colorless crystal (sugar or
sand-like) material. It is used as a pesticide, a wood and tanning
preservative and to make other Arsenic compounds and glass.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910. 20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
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WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is
0.010 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour workshift for Arsenic
and compounds (as Arsenic).
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 0.002 mg/m3,
which should not be exceeded during any 15 minute work
period for Arsenic, inorganic.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 0.2 mg/m3
averaged over an 8-hour workshift for Arsenic and soluble
compounds.
* Arsenic Trioxide is a CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should
be reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be established where Arsenic
Trioxide is handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Arsenic Trioxide
and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of Arsenic Trioxide to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
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HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to Arsenic Trioxide:
* Skin contact can cause burning, itching and a rash.
* Breathing Arsenic Trioxide, especially in liquid spray or
powder form, can cause nose and throat irritation.
* Eye contact can cause red, watery eyes and can cause eye
damage.
* High exposures can cause poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and
muscle cramps. Heart effects with an abnormal EKG can also
occur with very high exposures.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to Arsenic Trioxide and can last for months or
years: Cancer Hazard
* Arsenic Trioxide is a CARCINOGEN in humans. It has been shown
to cause skin and liver cancer.
* Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to
a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for
causing reproductive damage in humans. Reproductive Hazard
* Arsenic Trioxide has not been identified for its ability to
cause reproductive damage but it should be HANDLED WITH
CAUTION since some related Arsenic compounds decrease
fertility in males and females.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Long-term exposure can cause an ulcer or hole in the bone
dividing the inner nose. Hoarseness and sore eyes also occur.
* High or repeated exposure can cause nerve damage with "pins
and needles", burning, numbness and later, weakness of arms
and legs.
* Repeated skin contact can cause thickened skin and/or patchy
areas of darkening and loss of pigment. Some persons develop
white lines on the nails.
* Exposure can cause skin allergy to develop. Once allergy
occurs, even smaller exposures can cause rash. MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before first exposure, and every 6 to 12 months thereafter, a
medical history and exam is recommended, including:
* Exam of the nose, skin, eyes, nails and nervous system.
* Test for urine Arsenic. This is most accurate at the end of a
workday. Eating shellfish or fish may elevate Arsenic levels
for up to two days. At NIOSH recommended exposure levels,
urine Arsenic should not be greater than 50 to 100 micrograms
per liter of urine.
After suspected overexposure, repeat these tests. Also examine your
skin periodically for abnormal growths. Skin cancer from Arsenic is
easily cured when detected early. Any evaluation should include a
careful history of past and present symptoms with an exam. Medical
tests that look for damage already done are not a substitute for
controlling exposure. Request copies of your medical testing. You
have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Arsenic Trioxide in the presence of acid or acid mist may release
a VERY DEADLY gas called Arsine.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposures
* Many scientists believe that skin changes such as thickening
and pigment changes make those skin areas more likely to
develop skin cancer.
* Persons with a skin allergy to Arsenic Trioxide or other
Arsenic chemicals may have rash with lower exposures.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer Arsenic Trioxide from
drums or other storage containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are required for this chemical
by OSHA. Refer to the OSHA standard: Inorganic Arsenic
1910.1018.
* Specific engineering controls are recommended for this
chemical by NIOSH. Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Inorganic Arsenic #75-149. Good WORK PRACTICES can help to
reduce hazardous exposures. The following work practices are
recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Arsenic
Trioxide should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Arsenic
Trioxide.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work
area for emergency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower
facilities should be provided.
* On skin contact with Arsenic Trioxide, immediately wash or
shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may have contacted Arsenic
Trioxide, whether or not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Arsenic Trioxide is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during cleanup. Do
not dry sweep.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA)
filter should be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Arsenic Trioxide. Wear protective
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers
can provide recommendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory
protection.
Respiratory Protection
* IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment
should only be used if the employer has a written program that
takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for
worker training, respirator fit testing and medical exams, as
described in OSHA 1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air
respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the
continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated
in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: Arsenic Trioxide
DOT Number: UN 1561
DOT Emergency Guide code: 53
CAS Number: 1327-53-3
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NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY Not Found
REACTIVITY Not Found
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DOES NOT BURN
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Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of
surrounding fire. Arsenic Trioxide itself does not burn.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Arsenic Trioxide is spilled or leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill or leak until clean-up is complete.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe
manner and deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Arsenic Trioxide
as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Department of
Environmental Protection (DEP) or your regional office of the
federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for specific
recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Arsenic Trioxide you should be trained
on its proper handling and storage.
* Arsenic Trioxide must be stored to avoid contact with CHLORINE
TRIFLUORIDE, FLUORINE, HYDROGEN FLUORIDE, OXYGEN DIFLUORIDE,
SODIUM CHLORATE and MERCURY since violent reactions occur.
* Arsenic Trioxide must be stored to avoid contact with ACIDS
since the highly toxic gas Arsine is produced.
* A regulated, marked area should be established where Arsenic
Trioxide is handled, used, or stored.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water. Continue
without stopping for at least 30 minutes, occasionally lifting
upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash
contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heard action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility. Antidotes and Special
Procedures
* For severe poisoning BAL has been used. For milder poisoning
Penicillamine (not Penicillin) has been used, both with mixed
success. Side effects occur with such treatment and it is
NEVER a substitute for controlling exposure. It can only be
done under strict medical care.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Arsenic Trioxide
Other Names and Formulations:
White Arsenic; Arsenous Acid Anhydride; Diarsenic Trioxide; Crude
Arsenic.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
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NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
(609) 984-2202
------------------------------------------
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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Arsenic is a naturally occurring element which is used to make
glass, cloth, and electrical semiconductors. It is also commonly
used in fungicides, wood preservatives, growth stimulants for
plants and animals, and in veterinary uses. Arsenic enters the
environment mainly from its use as a pesticide and from emissions
from coal-fueled power plants.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
Arsenic metabolism and effects are significantly influenced by the
animal/plant tested, the route of administration, the physical and
chemical form of the arsenical, and the dose. Inorganic arsenic
compounds are more toxic than organic arsenic compounds.
Arsenic has high acute toxicity to aquatic life, birds, and land
animals. Except where soil arsenic content is high (around
smelters and where arsenic-based pesticides have been used
heavily), arsenic does not accumulate in plants to toxic levels.
Where soil arsenic content is high, growth and crop yields can be
decreased.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
Arsenic has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life, and moderate
chronic toxicity to birds and land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Arsenic and its salts have low solubility in water. Concentrations
of less than 1 milligram will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Arsenic is highly persistent in water, with a half-life of more
than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time
it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of arsenic found in fish tissues is expected to
be somewhat higher than the average concentration of arsenic in the
water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA; FWS
Biological Rpt 85(1.12); EPA rpt #EPA-
450/5-85-002
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