Common Name: Aniline
CAS Number: 62-53-3
DOT Number: UN 1547
Date: January 1986
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* Aniline can affect you when breathed in and by rapidly passing
through your skin.
* Because this is a MUTAGEN, handle it as a possible cancer
causing substance WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Aniline affects the blood's ability to carry oxygen and high
exposure can cause death. Less severe exposures can cause
headaches, blue skin, weakness, drowsiness, and shortness of
breath.
* Aniline can irritate the eyes and may cause brownish staining.
* Repeated exposure may cause headaches, dizziness, poor
appetite, and anemia.
* Contact can cause eye damage.
IDENTIFICATION
Aniline is a colorless to brown oily liquid with a weak fishy odor.
It is used in making dyes, herbicides and drugs.
REASON FOR CITATION
* Aniline is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NFPA and EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List
because it is a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting air samples. Under OSHA
1910.20, you have a legal right to obtain copies of sampling
results from your employer. If you think you are experiencing
any work related health problems, see a doctor trained to
recognize occupational diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with
you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD = 1.1 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a warning of exposure. Not
smelling it does not mean you are not being exposed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 5
ppm averaged over an 8 hour work shift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 2 ppm averaged
over an 8 hour workshift.
* Aniline is a MUTAGEN. Mutagens may have a cancer risk. All
contact with this chemical should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
It should be recognized that Aniline can be absorbed through your
skin, thereby increasing your exposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Aniline and at
the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of Aniline to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
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HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to Aniline:
* Aniline affects the blood's ability to carry oxygen and high
exposure can cause death. The lips and skin can turn a blue
color (cyanosis). Exposure also can cause headaches, weakness,
irritability, drowsiness, and shortness of breath.
* Contact can cause eye irritation and damage.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to Aniline and can last for months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* Aniline causes MUTATIONS (genetic changes).
* Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to
a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for
causing reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is some evidence that women employed in the Aniline dye
industry have a higher incidence of reproductive cycle
disorders and abortions. The cause of these problems is
unclear at this time.
Other Long Term Effects
* Repeated exposure may cause anemia.
* Brownish staining of the eyes can occur.
MEDICAL TESTING
If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may
be useful:
* Blood methemoglobin.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liquid Aniline from drums
or other storage containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Aniline should
change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Aniline.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work
area for emergency use.
* On skin contact with Aniline, immediately wash or shower to
remove the chemical. At the end of the workshift, wash any
areas of the body that may have contacted Aniline, whether or
not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Aniline is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with Aniline. Wear protective gloves and
clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide
recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material
for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splashproof chemical goggles and face shield when working
with liquid Aniline, unless full facepiece respiratory
protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure
to Aniline does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for exposures to Aniline, use a
MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a
full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode,
or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or
other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 100 ppm is immediately dangerous to life and
health. If the possibility of exposures above 100 ppm exists,
use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing apparatus
with a full facepiece operated in continuous flow or other
positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with Aniline you should be trained on its
proper handling and storage.
* Aniline must be stored to avoid contact with STRONG ACIDS
(such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC, and NITRIC) and OXIDIZERS
(such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES,
and NITRATES), since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated
area away from HEAT.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are
prohibited where Aniline is used, handled, or stored in a
manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.
Common Name: Aniline
DOT Number: UN 1547
DOT Emergency Guide code: 57
CAS Number: 62-53-3
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Hazard rating NFPA
FLAMMABILITY 2
REACTIVITY 0
----------------------------------------
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Aniline is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or alcohol foam
extinguishers.
* Use water spray to keep fire exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If Aniline is spilled or leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill or leak until clean up is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar
material and deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Aniline as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Environmental Program for
specific recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area
with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical attention
immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.6 mm Hg at 68oF (20oC)
Flash Point: 158oF (70oC)
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Benzenamine
Other Names and Formulations:
Aminobenzene; Aminophen; Phenylamine.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
------------------------------------------
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368
------------------------------------------
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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Aniline occurs naturally in coal-tars and is used in the polymer,
rubber, agricultural, and dye industries. Important agricultural
uses for aniline derivatives include pesticides, repellants, and
defoliants. It can enter the environment through direct disposal
and indirect use, such as industrial discharges and non-point
sources from agricultural use.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
Aniline has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and moderate acute
toxicity to birds. Aniline causes germination decrease, stunting,
and size decreases (among other effects) on numerous agricultural
crops. No data are available on the short-term effects of aniline
to land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
Aniline has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No data are
available on the long-term effects of aniline to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
Aniline is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Aniline is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of
time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About
93% of aniline will eventually end up in water; about 6.5% will end
up in the air; and less than 1% will end up in terrestrial soil and
aquatic sediments, respectively.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of aniline found in fish tissues is expected to
be somewhat higher than the average concentration of aniline in the
water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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