Common Name: 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol
CAS Number: 534-52-1
DOT Number: UN 1598
Date: February, 1989
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol can affect you when breathed in and by
passing through your skin. Toxic levels are readily absorbed
through the skin without any sense of irritation.
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol may cause mutations. Handle with extreme
caution.
* Exposure can cause restlessness, head-aches, stomach pain,
sweating, fast heartbeat and nausea. Higher levels can cause
fever, trouble breathing, coma and death.
* Repeated exposures can cause restlessness, anxiety, fatigue,
trouble sleeping, sweating, and cataracts in the eyes, and may
damage the liver, kidneys and blood cells.
IDENTIFICATION
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is a yellow, crystalline (sand-like) odorless
solid that may be used in solutions. It is used to kill weeds and
insects.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is on the Hazardous Substance List
because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH
and EPA.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is
0.2 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour work-shift.
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 0.2 mg/m3
averaged over a 10-hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 0.2 mg/m3
averaged over an 8-hour workshift.
* The above exposure limits are for air levels only. When skin
contact also occurs, you may be overexposed, even though air
levels are less than the limits listed above.
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol may cause mutations. All contact with
this chemical should be reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 4,6-Dinitro-o-
Cresol and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
------------------------------------------
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol:
* Exposure, by breathing or skin contact, can cause nausea,
stomach pain, restlessness, sweating and rapid breathing and
heartbeat. Higher levels can cause fever, coma and death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol may cause mutations (genetic changes) in
living cells. Whether or not it poses a cancer or reproductive
hazard needs further study.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol may
decrease fertility in males.
Other Long-Term Effects
* Repeated exposure to 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol can cause fatigue,
trouble sleeping, anxiety, excessive sweating, unusual thirst,
and weight loss.
* Cataracts may result from breathing the chemical or through
skin or eye contact.
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol may stain the skin, eyes and fingernails
yellow.
* Exposure may damage the liver, kidneys and blood cells.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment, at regular times after that, and if
symptoms develop or overexposure has occurred, the following may be
useful:
* Exam of eyes for cataracts.
* Exam of skin and nails for staining.
* Blood tests for 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol. Persons with blood
levels over 10 ppm (10 mg/Liter) should be kept away from
further exposure until levels return to normal.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may
be useful:
* Liver and kidney function tests.
* Complete blood count.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for
highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol
from drums or other storage containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are recommended for this
chemical by NIOSH. Refer to the NIOSH criteria document: 4,6-
Dinitro-o-Cresol # 78-131.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 4,6-Dinitro-o-
Cresol should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 4,6-
Dinitro-o-Cresol.
* If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower
facilities should be provided.
* On skin contact with 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol, immediately wash or
shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may have had contact with this
chemical.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is
handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol. Wear protective
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/ manufacturers
can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
* ACGIH recommends Saranex, Natural Rubber, Neoprene and
Chlorinated Polyethylene as providing good to excellent
protection.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield when
working with liquid 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol, unless full
facepiece respiratory protection is worn.
* Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield when working with
powders or dust, unless full facepiece respiratory protection
is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for exposures over 0.2 mg/m3, use
a MSHA/NIOSH approved full face piece respirator with a high
efficiency particulate filter. Greater protection is provided
by a powered-air purifying respirator. Particulate filters
must b e checked every day before work for physical damage,
such as rips or tears, and replaced as needed.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or canister respirator,
you can smell, taste, or otherwise detect 4,6-Dinitro-o-
Cresol, or in the case of a full facepiece respirator you
experience eye irritation, leave the area immediately. Check
to make sure the respirator-to-face seal is still good. If it
is, replace the filter, cartridge, or canister. If the seal
is no longer good, you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential exposures in your workplace.
You may need a combination of filters, prefilters, cartridges,
or canisters to protect against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a mixture of chemicals.
* Exposure to 5 mg/m3 is immediately dangerous to life and
health. If the possibility of exposures above 5 mg/m3 exists,
use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus
with a full facepiece operated in continuous flow or other
positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol you should be
trained on its proper handling and storage.
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol must be stored to avoid contact with
STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as BROMINE, CHLORINE, CHLORINE DIOXIDE
and NITRATES) since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated
area away from HEAT.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are
prohibited where 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or
explosion hazard.
* Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when
opening and closing containers of 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol.
* Wherever 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is used, handled, manufactured,
or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and
fittings.
Common Name: 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol
DOT Number: UN 1598
DOT Emergency Guide code: 53
CAS Number: 534-52-1
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Hazard rating NJ DOH NFPA
FLAMMABILITY Not Found Not Rated
REACTIVITY Not Found Not Rated
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POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID. The dust can
explode.
* Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam extinguishers.
Water can be used to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is spilled or leaked, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from areas
of spills or leaks until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most convenient manner and
deposit in sealed containers.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar
material and deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 4,6-Dinitro-o-
Cresol as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your Department of
Environmental Protection (DEP) or your regional office of the
federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for specific
recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
* If high fever is present, drench victim's clothes in cool
water, or immerse person in cool bath before transfer.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 0.00005 mm Hg at 68oF (20oC)
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Phenol, 2-Methyl-4,6-Dinitro-
Other Names and Formulations:
DNOC; Dinitro-o-Cresol; DNC; 3,5-Dinitro-2-Hydroxytoluene;
Nitrador.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
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NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
(609) 984-2202
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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is a yellow solid material. It is used as an
insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and defoliant. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges, runoff from agricultural
applications, or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol's use as an herbicide and defoliant indicates
that it has high acute toxicity to plants. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the acute toxicity of 4,6-Dinitro-
o-Cresol to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long-
term effects of 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-
life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 94.5% of 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol will eventually end
up in water; about 2.75%, respectively, will end up in terrestrial
soil and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of
4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA,
Phytotox.
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