Common Name: 4,4'-Thiodianiline
CAS Number: 139-65-1
DOT Number: None
Date: May, 1989
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* 4,4'-Thiodianiline can affect you when breathed in and by
passing through your skin.
* 4,4'-Thiodianiline should be handled as a CARCINOGEN WITH
EXTREME CAUTION.
* 4,4'-Thiodianiline can cause reproductive damage.
* 4,4'-Thiodianiline can affect the blood's ability to carry
oxygen (methemoglobinemia) causing headache, dizziness,
weakness and a blue color to the skin. Higher levels can cause
shortness of breath, collapse and even death.
* Contact can irritate the eyes, skin, nose and throat.
IDENTIFICATION
4,4'-Thiodianiline is a needle shaped material. It is used as an
intermediate in the production of dyes.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 4,4'-Thiodianiline is on the Hazardous Substance List because
it is cited by IARC, DEP and EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been established for 4,4'-
Thiodianiline. This does not mean that this substance is not
harmful. Safe work practices should always be followed.
It should be recognized that 4,4'-Thiodianiline can be absorbed
through your skin, thereby increasing your exposure.
* 4,4'-Thiodianiline may be a CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be
no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact
should be reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 4,4'-
Thiodianiline and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 4,4'-Thiodianiline to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
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HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 4,4'-Thiodianiline:
* Contact can irritate the eyes, nose, throat and skin.
* Breathing exposure may irritate the nose, throat and lungs.
This could cause soreness, hoarseness, cough, and chest
tightness. This indicates over exposure.
* Exposure can interfere with the ability of the blood to carry
oxygen (a condition called methemoglobinemia), causing
headache, dizziness, weakness and a blue color to the skin.
Higher levels can cause shortness of breath, col lapse and
even death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 4,4'-Thiodianiline and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 4,4'-Thiodianiline may be a CARCINOGEN in humans since it has
been shown to cause liver, thyroid and breast cancer in
animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to
a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for
causing reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* 4,4'-Thiodianiline decreases fertility in female animals.
Other Long Term Effects
* 4,4'-Thiodianiline has not been tested for other chronic (long
term) health effects.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may
be useful:
* A blood test for methemoglobin level.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer 4,4'-Thiodianiline from
drums or other storage containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 4,4'-
Thiodianiline should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 4,4'-
Thiodianiline.
* If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower
facilities should be provided.
* On skin contact with 4,4'-Thiodianiline, immediately wash or
shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may have contacted 4,4'-
Thiodianiline, whether or not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4,4'-Thiodianiline is
handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean up.
DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA)
filter should be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 4,4'-Thiodianiline. Wear protective
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers
can provide recommendations on the most protective
glove/clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory
protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure
to 4,4'-Thiodianiline does not occur.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air
respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the
continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated
in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: 4,4'-Thiodianiline
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 139-65-1
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Hazard rating NJDOH NFPA
FLAMMABILITY Not Found Not Rated
REACTIVITY Not Found Not Rated
----------------------------------------
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
CARCINOGEN
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Nitrogen
Oxides and Sulfur Oxides.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 4,4'-Thiodianiline is spilled, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill or leak until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe
manner and deposit in sealed containers.
* Ventilate area after cleanup is complete.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 4,4'-
Thiodianiline as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 4,4'-Thiodianiline you should be trained
on its proper handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated
area.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Remove contaminated clothing. Wash contaminated skin with
soap.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Benzenamine, 4,4' Thiobis
Other Names and Formulations: 4,4'-Thiobisbenzenamine; Bis(4-
Aminophenyl) Sulfide; p,p'-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfide.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
------------------------------------------
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368
------------------------------------------
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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
4,4'-Thiodianiline is a solid used in polymerization reactions. It
may enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
4,4'-Thiodianiline has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. It
has caused injury to orchard crops. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of 4,4'-
Thiodianiline to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
4,4'-Thiodianiline has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long-
term effects of 4,4'-Thiodianiline to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4,4'-Thiodianiline has moderate solubility in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4,4'-Thiodianiline is moderately persistent in water, with a half-
life between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 98.4% of 4,4'-Thiodianiline will eventually end up
in water; the rest will be divided about equally between
terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 4,4'-Thiodianiline found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of
4,4'-Thiodianiline in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA,
Phytotox.
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