Common Name: 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline
CAS Number: 101-77-9
DOT Number: None
Date: October 30, 1986
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline can affect you when breathed in and
by passing through your skin.
* 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline should be handled as a CARCINOGEN
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* A single large exposure or repeated smaller exposures can
cause serious liver disease (toxic hepatitis) with symptoms of
fever, upper abdominal pain, jaundice, and loss of appetite.
* 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline may affect the kidneys.
* Exposure can irritate the eyes.
IDENTIFICATION
4,4'-Methylene Dianiline is a light brown crystalline (sugar or
sand like) solid. It is used as an epoxy hardening agent and in
making resins and rubber.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline is on the Hazardous Substance List
because it is cited by ACGIH, NIOSH, NFPA and other
authorities.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 0.1 ppm
averaged over an 8 hour workshift.
* 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline may be a CANCER CAUSING AGENT in
humans. There may be no safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen, so all contact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
* The above exposure limits are for air levels only. When skin
contact also occurs, you may be overexposed, even though air
levels are less than the limits listed above.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 4,4'-Methylene
Dianiline and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 4,4'-Methylene to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
------------------------------------------
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 4,4'-Methylene:
* Exposure can irritate the eyes.
* 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline can cause liver disease (toxic
hepatitis) from a single large exposure. Symptoms could
include loss of appetite, jaundice, dark urine, fever, upper
abdominal pain and fatigue.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 4,4'-Methylene and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline may be a CANCER CAUSING AGENT in
humans since it has been shown to cause liver, thyroid and
other types of cancers in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to
a cancer causing agent. Such substances may also have the
potential for causing reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently available to the New
Jersey Department of Health, 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline has not
been tested for its ability to adversely affect reproduction.
Other Long Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can damage the liver and may damage the
kidneys.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular times after that, the
following are recommended:
* Liver function tests.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may
be useful:
* Kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer 4,4'-Methylene
Dianiline from drums or other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 4,4'-Methylene
Dianiline should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 4,4'-
Methylene Dianiline.
* If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower
facilities should be provided.
* On skin contact with 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline, immediately
wash or shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body that may have contacted
4,4'-Methylene Dianiline, whether or not known skin contact
has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline is
handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean up.
DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA)
filter should be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/ clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust proof goggles and faceshield when working with
powders or dust, unless full facepiece respiratory protection
is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for exposures over 0.1 ppm, use a
MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a
full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode,
or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or
other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 101-77-9
----------------------------------------
NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY 1
REACTIVITY 0
----------------------------------------
CANCER CAUSING AGENT
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline may burn, but does not readily
ignite.
* Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline is spilled, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill until cleanup is complete.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 4,4'-Methylene
as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Environmental Program
for specific recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 4,4'-Methylene you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool well ventilated
area away from STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as CHLORINE, BROMINE,
and FLUORINE).
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash
contaminated skin with large amounts of water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: 428oF
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
4,4'-Methylenebis Benzenamine
Other Names and Formulations:
MDA; DDM; 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane; Methylenebis(aniline).
------------------------------------------
Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
------------------------------------------
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368
------------------------------------------
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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
4,4'-Methylene Dianiline is a synthetic chemical which is produced
commercially for its use as an intermediate in the preparation of
epoxy resins, polyurethane foams, rubber chemicals, and elastic
polymer fibers. It is a light brown crystalline solid. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
4,4'-Methylene Dianiline has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life, moderate to high acute toxicity to land animals, and high
toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or
predict the short-term effects of 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline to
plants.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
4,4'-Methylene Dianiline has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4,4'-Methylene Dianiline is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4,4'-Methylene Dianiline is highly persistent in water, with a
half-life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 98.8% of 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline will eventually
end up in water; about 0.6%, respectively, will end up in
terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 4,4'-Methylene Dianiline found in fish tissues
is expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of
4,4'-Methylene Dianiline in the water from which the fish was
taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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