Common Name: 4-Aminodiphenyl
CAS Number: 92-67-1
DOT Number: None
Date: January 31, 1986
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* 4-Aminodiphenyl can affect you when breathed in and by passing
through your skin.
* 4-Aminodiphenyl is a CARCINOGEN HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure may interfere with the ability of the blood to carry
oxygen (a condition called methemoglobinemia). This causes
symptoms of headaches, fatigue, difficulty in breathing, and
blue or violet discoloration of the lips and skin.
* Exposure can cause urinary bladder irritation. This may cause
a burning feeling on urination and blood in the urine.
IDENTIFICATION
4-Aminodiphenyl is a colorless or yellowish brown crystalline (sand
like) material. It also exists in liquid solutions and is used in
research laboratories.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 4-Aminodiphenyl is on the Hazardous Substance List because it
is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, IARC, NTP and CAG and
EPA.
* This chemical is also on the Special Health Hazard Substance
List because it is a CANCER CAUSING AGENT and a MUTAGEN.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* No exposure limits have been set. However, there is a full
OSHA standard (1910.1011) that describes how 4-Aminodiphenyl
must be handled.
* 4-Aminodiphenyl is a CANCER CAUSING AGENT in humans. There may
be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact
(including skin) should be reduced to the lowest possible
level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated, marked area should be established where 4-
Aminodiphenyl is handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 4-Aminodiphenyl
and prior to each exit from a regulated area.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 4-Aminodiphenyl to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
------------------------------------------
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 4-Aminodiphenyl:
* Exposure may affect the ability of the blood to carry oxygen
(methemoglobinemia). This can cause headaches, fatigue,
difficulty in breathing, fast heart rate, and blue or violet
discoloration of the lips and skin. 4-Aminodiphenyl can cause
a burning feeling on urination and blood in the urine.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 4-Aminodiphenyl and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* 4-Aminodiphenyl is a CANCER CAUSING AGENT in humans. It has
been shown to cause bladder cancer in humans and animals.
* Many scientists believe that there is no safe level of
exposure to a cancer causing agent. Such substances may also
have the potential for causing reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* In animals there is limited evidence that 4-Aminodiphenyl may
damage the developing fetus.
Other Long Term Effects
* This chemical has not been adequately evaluated to determine
whether brain or other nerve damage could occur with repeated
exposure. However, many solvents and other petroleum based
chemicals have been shown to cause such damage. Effects may
include reduced memory and concentration, personality changes
(withdrawal, irritability), fatigue, sleep disturbances,
reduced coordination, and/or effects on nerves supplying
internal organs (autonomic nerves) and/or nerves to the arms
and legs (weakness, "pins and needles").
Medical Testing
At regular times (at least twice a year) after employment, the
following is recommended:
* Urine cytology (a test for abnormal cells in the urine).
* Interview for brain effects, including recent memory, mood
(irritability, withdrawal), concentration, headaches, malaise
and altered sleep patterns. Consider cerebellar, autonomic and
peripheral nervous system evaluation. Positive and borderline
individuals should be referred for neuropsychological testing.
Check OSHA Standard 1910.1011 for specific tests required by law
for those exposed to 4-Aminodiphenyl.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may
be useful:
* Blood methemoglobin level.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are recommended:
* Establish a regulated area where 4-Aminodiphenyl is
manufactured, used or stored.
* Specific engineering controls are required for this chemical
by OSHA. Refer to the OSHA standard 1910.1011 on 4-
Aminodiphenyl.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 4-
Aminodiphenyl should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 4-
Aminodiphenyl.
* If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower
facilities should be provided.
* On skin contact with 4-Aminodiphenyl, immediately wash or
shower to remove the chemical. Wash any areas of the body that
may have contacted 4-Aminodiphenyl prior to each exit from the
regulated area.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4-Aminodiphenyl is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
* Do not dry sweep for cleanup. Use a vacuum method. A high
efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA) filter should be used,
not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 4-Aminodiphenyl. All protective
clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean,
available each day, and put on before entering a regulated
area and removed before exiting a regulated area.
* Full body protective clothing, shoe covers, and gloves should
be provided and worn. Contact safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers for recommendations on the most
protective glove/ clothing material for your operation.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory
protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure
to 4-Aminodiphenyl does not occur.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/ NIOSH approved supplied air
respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the
continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated
in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: 4-Aminodiphenyl
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 92-67-1
----------------------------------------
NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY Not Found
REACTIVITY Not Found
----------------------------------------
CANCER CAUSING AGENT
POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of
surrounding fire. 4-Aminodiphenyl itself does not burn.
* POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 4-Aminodiphenyl is spilled or leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill or leak until cleanup is complete.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 4-Aminodiphenyl
as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Environmental Program
for specific recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 4-Aminodiphenyl you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be established where 4-
Aminodiphenyl is handled, used, or stored, that is maintained
under a negative pressure.
* Refer to the OSHA standard 1910.1011.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area
with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Slightly Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
1,1' Biphenyl 4 Amine
Other Names and Formulations:
4-Aminobiphenyl; p-Aminobiphenyl; Aminobiphenyl; Xenylamine;
Biphenylamine.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
------------------------------------------
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368
------------------------------------------
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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
4-Aminodiphenyl is a solid chemical used in the detection of
sulfates and in cancer research. It formerly was used as a rubber
antioxidant. 4-Aminodiphenyl may enter the environment from
industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
4-Aminodiphenyl has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 4-aminodiphenyl to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
4-Aminodiphenyl has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 4-aminodiphenyl to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
4-Aminodiphenyl is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of
between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
4-Aminodiphenyl is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 90% of 4-aminodiphenyl will eventually end up in
water; about 4.5% will end up in terrestrial soil; about 4.25% will
end up in aquatic sediments; and the rest will end up in the air.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 4-aminodiphenyl found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of
4-aminodiphenyl in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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