Common Name: 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
CAS Number: 119-90-4
DOT Number: None
Date: January 15, 1988
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine can affect you when breathed in.
* 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is a CARCINOGEN--HANDLE WITH EXTREME
CAUTION.
* No acute health effects are known at this time.
IDENTIFICATION
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is a colorless, crystalline (sugar or sand-
like) material which may turn violet upon standing. It is used as
an intermediate in making dyes.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is on the Hazardous Substance List
because it is cited by IARC, NTP, EPA and CAG.
* This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List
because it is a CARCINOGEN.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
-----------------------------------------
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been established for 3,3'-
Dimethoxybenzidine. This does not mean that this substance is not
harmful. Safe work practices should always be followed.
* 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in humans.
There may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all
contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be established where 3,3'-
Dimethoxybenzidine is handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 3,3'-
Dimethoxybenzidine and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
------------------------------------------
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine:
* No acute health effects are known at this time.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in humans.
There is some evidence that it has been shown to cause ovary,
breast, bladder, intestine, skin and stomach cancer in
animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to
a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for
causing reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently available to the New
Jersey Department of Health, 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine has not
been tested for its ability to adversely affect reproduction.
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular times after that, for
those with frequent or potentially high exposures, the following
are recommended:
* Exam of the breast, bladder, intestine, skin, stomach and
ovary.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for
highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
from drums or other storage containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are recommended for this
chemical by NIOSH. Refer to: Special Occupational Hazard
Reviews for Benzidine-based Dyes #80-109.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 3,3'-
Dimethoxybenzidine should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 3,3'-
Dimethoxybenzidine.
* On skin contact with 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine, immediately wash
or shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body that may have contacted
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine, whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is
handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean-up.
Do not dry sweep.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA)
filter should be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/
manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most
protective glove/ clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory
protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure
to 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine does not occur.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air
respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the
continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated
in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No citation
CAS Number: 119-90-4
----------------------------------------
NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY 1
REACTIVITY 0
----------------------------------------
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine may burn, but does not readily ignite.
* Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, foam extinguishers or
water spray extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Hydrogen
Chloride and Nitrogen Oxide.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is spilled, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill until clean-up is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe
manner and deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 3,3'-
Dimethoxybenzidine as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact the NJ
Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or your regional
office of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine you should be
trained on its proper handling and storage.
* 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine may react with OXIDIZERS (such as
PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES and
NITRATES).
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated
area.
* A regulated, marked area should be established where 3,3'-
Dimethoxybenzidine is handled, used, or stored.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash
contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: 403oF
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
1,1'-Biphenyl-4,4'-Diamine, 3,3'-Dimethoxy-
Other Names and Formulations:
Bianisidine; o-Dianisidine; Fast Blue; Blue Base; CI Disperse
Black 6.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
------------------------------------------
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Project
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is a violet colored crystalline solid used
to make azo dyes. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine to plants, birds, or
land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a
toxic chemical.
3,3-'Dimethoxybenzidine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine to plants, birds, or
land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 99% of this chemical will eventually end up in
water; about 0.5%, respectively, will end up in terrestrial soil
and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine found in fish tissues
is expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL, Duluth, U.S.EPA,
Phytotox.
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