Common Name: 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate
CAS Number: 39156-41-7
DOT Number: None
Date: January, 1989
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate can affect you when breathed in and
by passing through your skin.
* 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate should be handled as a CARCINOGEN--
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure to large amounts can cause serious poisoning, with
trembling, diarrhea, trouble breathing and even death.
* 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate can cause both skin and lung
allergies to develop.
* Contact may cause irritation and possible damage to the eyes.
IDENTIFICATION
2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate is an off-white to violet powder. It is
used in dyes for hair and fur.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate is on the Hazardous Substance List
because it is cited by NTP, IARC and EPA.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work-related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
-----------------------------------------
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been established for 2,4-
Diaminoanisole Sulfate. This does not mean that this substance is
not harmful. Safe work practices should always be followed.
* It should be recognized that 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate can be
absorbed through your skin, thereby increasing your exposure.
* NIOSH recommends reducing exposure to 2,4-Diaminoanisole
Sulfate to the lowest feasible level.
* 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate may be a CARCINOGEN in humans.
There may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all
contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after expo-sure to 2,4-
Diaminoanisole Sulfate and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
------------------------------------------
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 2,4-Diaminoanisole
Sulfate:
* 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate can irritate the eyes on contact.
Severe irritation and possible damage may occur.
* Exposure to large amounts of 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate,
through breathing or skin contact, may cause serious
poisoning, with muscle twitching, trembling, nausea, diarrhea,
convulsions and even death.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate may be a CARCINOGEN in humans
because it has been shown to cause thyroid and mammary cancer
in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to
a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for
causing reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate is
a teratogen in animals. Until further testing has been done,
it should be treated as a possible teratogen in humans.
Other Long-Term Effects
* 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate may cause a skin allergy. If
allergy develops, very low future exposures can cause itching
and a skin rash.
* 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate may cause an asthma-like allergy.
Future exposures can cause asthma attacks with shortness of
breath, wheezing, cough, and/or chest tightness.
Medical Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may
be useful:
* Evaluation by a qualified allergist, including careful
exposure history and special testing, may help diagnose skin
allergy.
* Lung function tests. These may be normal if the person is not
having an attack at the time of the test.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for
highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer 2,4-Diaminoanisole
Sulfate from drums or other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 2,4-
Diaminoanisole Sulfate should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 2,4-
Diaminoanisole Sulfate.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work
area for emergency use.
* If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower
facilities should be provided.
* On skin contact with 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate, immediately
wash or shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body that may have contacted
2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate, whether or not known skin contact
has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate
is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean-up.
Do not dry sweep.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA)
filter should be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory
protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure
to 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate does not occur.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air
respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the
continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-
contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated
in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 39156-41-7
----------------------------------------
Hazard rating NJ DOH NFPA
FLAMMABILITY Not Found Not Rated
REACTIVITY Not Found Not Rated
----------------------------------------
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
CARCINOGEN
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Nitrogen
Oxides and Sulfur Oxides.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate is spilled, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill until clean-up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe
manner and deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 2,4-
Diaminoanisole Sulfate as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your
Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or your regional
office of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate you should be
trained on its proper handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated
area.
* A marked regulated area should be established where 2,4-
Diaminoanisole Sulfate is handled, used, or stored.
FIRST AID
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area
with large amounts of water. Seek medical attention
immediately.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
m-Phenylenediamine, 4-Methoxy-, Sulfate
Other Names and Formulations:
1,3-Benzenediamine, 4-Methoxy, Sulfate; C.I. 76051; 2,4-DAA
Sulfate.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
------------------------------------------
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368
------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate is a solid chemical used in the dye
industry. It may enter the environment from industrial discharges
or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short-
term effects of 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate to aquatic life, plants,
birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long-
term effects of 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate to aquatic life, plants,
birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter
of water.
2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate reacts with water to form 2,4-
Diaminoanisole (CAS No. 615-05-4) and Sulfuric Acid (CAS No. 7664-
93-9). Fact sheets are available for both of these compounds.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate will react rapidly with water to form
2,4-Diaminoanisole and Sulfuric Acid. Virtually 100% of 2,4-
Diaminoanisole will end up in the water.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate in the water from which
the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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