Common Name: 2-Nitrophenol
CAS Number: 88-75-5
DOT Number: UN 1663
Date: January 31, 1986
-----------------------------------------
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 2-Nitrophenol can affect you when breathed in and by passing
through your skin.
* Exposure can lower the ability of the blood to carry oxygen,
leading to a bluish color to the skin and lips, headaches,
dizziness and collapse.
* Exposure to higher levels may cause breathing trouble, a slow
pulse, fall in blood pressure, convulsions (fits) and death.
* 2-Nitrophenol can irritate the skin, eyes, nose and throat.
* 2-Nitrophenol may damage the kidney and liver
IDENTIFICATION
2-Nitrophenol is a yellow crystalline (sugar or sand like) solid
used to make dyestuffs, pesticides, and other chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 2-Nitrophenol is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is
cited by DOT.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been established for 2-
Nitrophenol. This does not mean that this substance is not harmful.
Safe work practices should always be followed.
* It should be recognized that 2-Nitrophenol can be absorbed
through your skin, thereby increasing your exposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 2-Nitrophenol
and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 2-Nitrophenol to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information for workers,
employers, and community residents. Health professionals may also
find it useful. If this substance is part of a mixture, this Fact
Sheet should be used along with the manufacturer supplied Material
Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
------------------------------------------
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 2-Nitrophenol:
* Exposure lowers the ability of the blood to carry oxygen (a
condition called methemoglobinemia). This may result in a
bluish color to skin and lips, headaches, dizziness and
collapse.
* Exposure to higher levels may cause breathing trouble, a slow
pulse, fall in blood pressure, convulsions (fits) and even
death.
* 2-Nitrophenol may irritate the skin causing a rash or burning
feeling on contact.
* Contact can irritate the eyes.
* Breathing 2-Nitrophenol can irritate the nose and throat.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 2-Nitrophenol and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently available to the New
Jersey Department of Health, 2-Nitrophenol has been tested and
has not been shown to cause cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently available to the New
Jersey Department of Health, 2-Nitrophenol has not been tested
for its ability to adversely affect reproduction.
Other Long Term Effects
* 2-Nitrophenol may damage the liver and kidneys. Medical
Testing
If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may
be useful:
* A blood test for methemoglobin level.
* Liver function tests.
* Kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace, and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer 2-Nitrophenol from
drums or other storage containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 2-Nitrophenol
should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 2-
Nitrophenol.
* If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower
facilities should be provided.
* On skin contact with 2-Nitrophenol, immediately wash or shower
to remove the chemical. At the end of the workshift, wash any
areas of the body that may have contacted 2-Nitrophenol,
whether or not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 2-Nitrophenol is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean up.
DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 2-Nitrophenol. Wear protective gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/ manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
* Butyl Rubber is recommended by a manufacturer and other
authorities as a protective material.
Eye Protection
* Wear dust proof goggles and face shield when working with
powders or dust, unless full facepiece respiratory protection
is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing, and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure
to 2-Nitrophenol does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for exposure to 2-Nitrophenol, use
a MSHA/NIOSH approved full facepiece respirator with a high
efficiency particulate filter. Greater protection is provided
by a powered air purifying respirator.
* If while wearing a filter, cartridge or canister respirator,
you can smell, taste, or otherwise detect 2-Nitrophenol, or in
the case of a full facepiece respirator you experience eye
irritation, leave the area immediately. Check to make sure the
respirator to face seal is still good. If it is, replace the
filter, cartridge, or canister. If the seal is no longer good,
you may need a new respirator.
* Be sure to consider all potential exposures in your workplace.
You may need a combination of filters, prefilters, cartridges,
or canisters to protect against different forms of a chemical
(such as vapor and mist) or against a mixture of chemicals.
* Where the potential for high exposures exists, use a
MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a
full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode,
or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or
other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: 2-Nitrophenol
DOT Number: UN 1663
DOT Emergency Guide code: 55
CAS Number: 88-75-5
----------------------------------------
NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY 0
REACTIVITY 0
----------------------------------------
COMBUSTIBLE SOLID
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 2-Nitrophenol is a combustible solid.
* Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Oxides of
Nitrogen.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 2-Nitrophenol is spilled, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe
manner and deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 2-Nitrophenol as
a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Environmental Program
for specific recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your local fire
department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 2-Nitrophenol you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated
area.
* 2-Nitrophenol must be stored to avoid contact with ORGANIC
MATERIALS (such as WOOD, PAPER, OIL, etc.) since violent
reactions occur.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area
with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical attention.
If Symptoms Develop
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 122oF
Flash Point: 215oF
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Phenol, 2-Nitro
Other Names and Formulations:
o Nitrophenol; Orthonitro phenol; 2-Hydroxynitrobenzene.
------------------------------------------
Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
------------------------------------------
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368
------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
2-Nitrophenol is a light yellow solid. It is used as an
intermediate in the synthesis of dyes or pigments. Other uses for
this chemical and its isomers are for the production of
pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, lumber preservatives,
photographic chemicals and pesticides. It may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
2-Nitrophenol has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short-
term effects of 2-Nitrophenol to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
2-Nitrophenol has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long-
term effects of 2-Nitrophenol to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2-Nitrophenol is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2-Nitrophenol is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of
between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount
of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded.
About 75.6% of 2-nitrophenol will eventually end up in water; about
23.6% will end up in air; and about 0.4%, respectively, will end up
in terrestrial soil and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 2-nitrophenol found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of 2-
nitrophenol in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
....................................................................
[an error occurred while processing this directive]
|
![[ NDCRT ]](/pix/ndcrt.gif){kind=small}
About NDCRT
