Common Name: 2-Acetylaminofluorene
CAS Number: 53-96-3
DOT Number: None
Date: January 31, 1986
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene can affect you when breathed in and by
passing through your skin.
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene is a CARCINOGEN HANDLE WITH EXTREME
CAUTION.
IDENTIFICATION
2-Acetylaminofluorene is a tan powder or crystalline (sugar or sand
like) solid. It is used in laboratory research.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene is on the Hazardous Substance List
because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by NTP and EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List
because it is a CANCER CAUSING AGENT and a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
* There have been no exposure limits established for 2-
Acetylaminofluorene. There is a full OSHA standard 1910.1014
with specific regulations for 2-Acetylaminofluorene.
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene is absorbed through your skin. Skin
contact should be eliminated.
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene is a PROBABLE CANCER CAUSING AGENT in
humans. There may be no safe level of exposure to a
carcinogen, so all contact should be reduced to the lowest
possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* A regulated area should be established where 2-
Acetylaminofluorene is handled, used, or stored as required in
the OSHA Standard 1910.1014.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 2-
Acetylaminofluorene and upon exit from a regulated area.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 2-Acetylaminofluorene to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
------------------------------------------
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 2-Acetylaminofluorene:
* Because 2-Acetylaminofluorene has very limited use in
industry, and contact is kept to a minimum to prevent cancer,
nothing is known about acute health effects.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 2-Acetylaminofluorene and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* There is some evidence that it causes bladder, kidney and
liver cancer in humans and it has been shown to cause bladder,
kidney and liver cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe that there is no safe level of
exposure to a cancer causing agent.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that 2-Acetylaminofluorene is a
teratogen in animals. Until further testing has been done, it
should be treated as a possible teratogen in humans.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular times after that, the
following is recommended:
* Urine cytology (a special test for abnormal cells in the
urine).
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING Controls are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are recommended:
* Specific engineering controls are required for this chemical
by OSHA. Refer to the OSHA standard: 1910.1014, 2-
Acetylaminofluorene.
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene should be used in an enclosed system.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work
area for emergency use.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 2-
Acetylaminofluorene.
* On skin contact with 2-Acetylaminofluorene, immediately wash
or shower to remove the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may have contacted 2-
Acetylaminofluorene at the end of each workday, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 2-Acetylaminofluorene is
handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 2-Acetylaminofluorene. Wear protective
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/ manufacturers
can provide recommendations on the protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory
protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air
respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the
continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated
in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: 2-Acetylaminofluorene
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 53-96-3
----------------------------------------
NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY Not Found
REACTIVITY Not Found
----------------------------------------
CANCER CAUSING AGENT
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of
surrounding fire. 2-Acetylaminofluorene itself does not burn.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 2-Acetylaminofluorene is spilled, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill until cleanup is complete.
* Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
* If 2-Acetylaminofluorene is spilled or leaked, only
specifically trained personnel should be involved in the
cleanup.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 2-
Acetylaminofluorene as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 2-Acetylaminofluorene you should be
trained on its proper handling and storage.
* A regulated, marked area should be established where 2-
Acetylaminofluorene is handled, used, or stored.
* 2-Acetylaminofluorene must be stored to avoid contact with
CYANIDES, since violent reactions occur.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area
with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Acetamide, N 9H Fluoren 2 yl
Other Names and Formulations:
n-2-Fluorenyl Acetamide; n-Acetylaminophenanthrene.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
------------------------------------------
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
2-Acetylaminofluorene is used as an intermediate to make dyes. It
most likely enters the environment from industrial discharges or
spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
2-Acetylaminofluorene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short-
term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
2-Acetylaminofluorene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic
life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
2-Acetylaminofluorene is moderately soluble in water.
Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a
liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
2-Acetylaminofluorene is moderately persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant
is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 79% of 2-Acetylaminofluorene will eventually end
up in water; about 11%, respectively will end up in terrestrial
soil and aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 2-Acetylaminofluorene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of 2-
Acetylaminofluorene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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