Common Name: 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
CAS Number: 541-73-1
DOT Number: UN 9255
Date: January, 1989
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,3-Dichlorobenzene can affect you when breathed in and by
passing through your skin.
* Exposure to 1,3-Dichlorobenzene can irritate the eyes, nose,
and throat.
* Brief high, or prolonged, lower exposures can damage the
liver, kidneys and blood cells causing a low blood count
(anemia). This can be fatal.
* Exposure can cause you to feel dizzy, lightheaded and severe
headache. Higher levels can cause you to pass out.
IDENTIFICATION
1,3-Dichlorobenzene is a colorless liquid. It is used as a fumigant
and an insecticide.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1,3-Dichlorobenzene is on the Hazardous Substance List because
it is cited by DOT and EPA.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer.You have a legal right to this information under OSHA
1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been established for 1,3-
Dichlorobenzene. This does not mean that this substance is not
harmful. Safe work practices should always be followed.
It should be recognized that 1,3-Dichlorobenzene can be absorbed
through your skin, thereby increasing your exposure.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release.If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 1,3-
Dichlorobenzene and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 1,3-Dichlorobenzene to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
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HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 1,3-Dichlorobenzene:
* Exposure to 1,3-Dichlorobenzene can irritate the eyes, nose,
and throat.
* Brief high exposures can cause you to feel dizzy, lightheaded
and to pass out.
* Exposure can cause severe headache.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 1,3-Dichlorobenzene and can last for months
or years:
Cancer Hazard
* According to the information presently available to the New
Jersey Department of Health, 1,3-Dichlorobenzene has been
tested and has not been shown to cause cancer in animals.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently available to the New
Jersey Department of Health, 1,3-Dichlorobenzene has not been
tested for its ability to affect reproduction.
Other Long Term Effects
* Repeated exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.
* Repeated exposure can damage blood cells, causing a low blood
count (anemia). It can also damage the body's ability to make
blood cells which can be fatal.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular times after that, for
those with frequent or potentially high exposures, the following
are recommended:
* Complete blood count.
* Liver and kidney function tests.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because more than light alcohol consumption can cause liver damage,
drinking alcohol can increase the liver damage caused by 1,3-
Dichlorobenzene.
Conditions Made Worse By Exposure
If you have liver disease from another cause, or are taking
medications that can affect the liver, high exposures to 1,3-
Dichlorobenzene may cause damage to your liver.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are recommended:
* Where possible, automatically pump liquid 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
from drums or other storage containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are recommended for this
chemical by NIOSH. Refer to the NIOSH criteria document:
Working Safely with Pesticides #76 147.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 1,3-
Dichlorobenzene should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 1,3-
Dichlorobenzene.
* If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower
facilities should be provided.
* On skin contact with 1,3-Dichlorobenzene, immediately wash or
shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the workshift,
wash any areas of the body that may have contacted 1,3-
Dichlorobenzene, whether or not known skin contact has
occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,3-Dichlorobenzene is
handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 1,3-Dichlorobenzene.Wear protective
gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/ manufacturers
can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/
clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splashproof chemical goggles when working with liquid,
unless full face piece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure
to 1,3-Dichlorobenzene does not occur.
* Where the potential for exposure to 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with
a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or
with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow
mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or
other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
DOT Number: UN 9255
DOT Emergency Guide code: 55
CAS Number: 541-73-1
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Hazard rating NJDOH NFPA
FLAMMABILITY 2 Not Rated
REACTIVITY 0 Not Rated
----------------------------------------
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 1,3-Dichlorobenzene is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID.
* Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or alcohol foam
extinguishers.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Hydrogen
Chloride.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1,3-Dichlorobenzene is spilled or leaked, take the following
steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill or leak until clean up is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of spill or leak.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar
material and deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 1,3-
Dichlorobenzene as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or your regional
office of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for specific recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,3-Dichlorobenzene you should be
trained on its proper handling and storage.
* 1,3-Dichlorobenzene is not compatible with OXIDIZERS (such as
PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES and
NITRATES), ALUMINUM and its alloys.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated
area.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash
contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: 146oF (63oC)
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
Benzene, 1,3 Dichloro
Other Names and Formulations:
m-Dichlorobenzene; m-Phenylenedichloride.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
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NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368
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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
1,3-Dichlorobenzene is a liquid, used as an intermediate for the
production of other chemicals; it is also a by-product in the
production of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
1,3-Dichlorobenzene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
short-term effects of 1,3-dichlorobenzene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
1,3-Dichlorobenzene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the
long-term effects of 1,3-dichlorobenzene to plants, birds, or land
animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,3-Dichlorobenzene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations
of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,3-Dichlorobenzene is slightly persistent in water, with a
half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 98.5% of 1,3-dichlorobenzene will eventually end
up in air; about 1% will end up in the water; and the rest will be
divided about equally between terrestrial soils and aquatic
sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 1,3-dichlorobenzene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of
1,3-dichlorobenzene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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