Common Name: 1,3-Butadiene
CAS Number: 106-99-0
DOT Number: UN 1010
Date: July 31, 1986
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,3-Butadiene can affect you when breathed in.
* Handle as a CARCINOGEN WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Breathing the vapor can cause you to become lightheaded or
pass out. Very high exposures may cause death.
* Exposure can also irritate the eyes, nose, mouth and throat.
* Contact with the liquid may irritate the skin and cause
frostbite.
* 1,3-Butadiene is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE LIQUID/GAS
and a DANGEROUS FIRE and EXPLOSION HAZARD.
IDENTIFICATION
1,3-Butadiene is a colorless gas with a mildly aromatic, pleasant
odor, or a colorless liquid below 23oF. It is used in making rubber
products (tires) and chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1,3-Butadiene is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is
regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT and NFPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List
because it is FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
* ODOR THRESHOLD = 1.6 ppm.
* The odor threshold only serves as a warning of exposure. Not
smelling it does not mean you are not being exposed.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is
1,000 ppm averaged over an 8 hour workshift.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 10 ppm
averaged over an 8 hour workshift.
* 1,3-Butadiene may be a CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should
be reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 1,3-Butadiene.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 1,3-Butadiene to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
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HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 1,3-Butadiene:
* The liquid may irritate the skin and cause frostbite on
contact.
* Exposure to the gas can irritate the eyes, nose and throat.
* Breathing the vapor may cause you to become sleepy and
lightheaded. Very high exposures may cause you to pass out or
even die.
* Breathing the vapor may also irritate the lungs, causing
coughing and/or shortness of breath.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 1,3-Butadiene and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* 1,3-Butadiene may be a CARCINOGEN in humans since it has been
shown to cause breast, uterus, lung and skin cancer in
animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to
a carcinogen.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that 1,3-Butadiene is a teratogen in
animals. Until further testing has been done, it should be
treated as a possible teratogen in humans.
* There is limited evidence that it may also damage the testes
and ovaries.
Other Long Term Effects
* Chronic (long term) health effects are unknown at this time.
MEDICAL
Medical Testing
There is no special test for this chemical. However, if illness
occurs or over exposure is suspected, medical attention is
recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
Mixed Exposures
Because smoking can cause heart disease, as well as lung cancer,
emphysema, and other respiratory problems, it may worsen
respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. Even if you
have smoked for a long time, stopping now will reduce your risk of
developing health problems.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer 1,3-Butadiene from
drums or other storage containers to process containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 1,3-Butadiene
should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 1,3-
Butadiene.
* Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work
area for emergency use where the liquid is used.
* On skin contact with 1,3-Butadiene, immediately wash or shower
to remove the chemical.
* Wash any areas of the body that may have contacted 1,3-
Butadiene at the end of each workday, whether or not known
skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,3-Butadiene is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 1,3-Butadiene. Wear protective gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* Where exposure to cold equipment, vapors, or liquid may occur
employees should be provided with special clothing designed to
prevent the freezing of body tissues.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash proof chemical goggles and face shield when
working with liquid 1,3-Butadiene, unless full facepiece
respiratory protection is worn or wear gas proof goggles,
unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Where the potential exists for exposures over 10 ppm, use a
MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with a full
facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a
full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode,
or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or
other positive pressure mode.
* Exposure to 20,000 ppm is immediately dangerous to life and
health. If the possibility of exposures above 20,000 ppm
exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing
apparatus with a full facepiece operated in continuous flow or
other positive pressure mode.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* 1,3-Butadiene must be stored to avoid contact with STRONG
OXIDIZERS (such as CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE), COPPER and
COPPER ALLOYS since violent reactions occur.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated
area away from HEAT. High heat can cause a violent chemical
reaction that will rupture the container.
* Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are
prohibited where 1,3-Butadiene is used, handled, or stored in
a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion
hazard.
* Use only non sparking tools and equipment, especially when
opening and closing containers of 1,3-Butadiene.
* Prior to working with 1,3-Butadiene you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
Common Name: 1,3-Butadiene
DOT Number: UN 1010
DOT Emergency Guide code: 17
CAS Number: 106-99-0
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NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY 4
REACTIVITY 2
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FLAMMABLE GAS AND LIQUID
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
CORROSIVE
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 1,3-Butadiene is a FLAMMABLE GAS.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* Stop the flow of gas to extinguish flame.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1,3-Butadiene is leaked, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from areas
of leaks until cleanup is complete.
* Remove all ignition sources.
* Ventilate area of leak to disperse the gas.
* Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is a cylinder and the leak
cannot be stopped in place, remove the leaking cylinder to a
safe place in the open air, and repair leak or allow cylinder
to empty.
* If a liquid then absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a
similar material and deposit in sealed containers.
* Keep 1,3-Butadiene out of a confined space, such as a sewer,
because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer
is designed to prevent the build up of explosive
concentrations.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 1,3-Butadiene as
a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Environmental Program
for specific recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention.
Skin Contact with Liquid
* Quickly immerse affected part in warm water. Seek medical
attention.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 910 mm Hg at 68oF
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
1,3-Butadiene
Other Names and Formulations:
Biethylene; Butadiene; Pyrrolylene.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
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NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368
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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
1,3-Butadiene is a colorless gas produced by the petrochemical
industry and used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber. It may
enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
1,3-Butadiene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short-
term effects of 1,3-butadiene to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
1,3-Butadiene has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long-
term effects of 1,3-butadiene to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,3-Butadiene is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000
milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,3-Butadiene is non-persistent in water, with a half-life of less
than 2 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it
takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded. Virtually all
of 1,3-butadiene will end up in the air.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 1,3-butadiene found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of
1,3-butadiene in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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