Common Name: 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide
CAS Number: 1120-71-4
DOT Number: None
Date: October 30, 1986
-----------------------------------------
HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide can affect you when breathed in
and by passing through your skin.
* 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide should be handled as a CARCINOGEN
WITH EXTREME CAUTION.
* Exposure may irritate the nose and throat, especially if 1,2-
Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is heated.
IDENTIFICATION
1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is a white crystalline solid or a
colorless liquid that is used in making other chemicals.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is on the Hazardous Substance List
because it is cited by ACGIH and CAG.
* This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List
because it is a CARCINOGEN and a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
No occupational exposure limits have been established for 1,2-
Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide. This does not mean that this substance is
not harmful. Safe work practices should always be followed.
It should be recognized that 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide can be
absorbed through your skin, thereby increasing your exposure.
* 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide may be a CARCINOGEN in humans.
There may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all
contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 1,2-Oxathiolane-
2,2-Dioxide and upon exiting from the work area.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
------------------------------------------
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-
Dioxide:
* Exposure may irritate the nose and throat, especially if 1,2-
Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is heated.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide and can last for
months or years:
Cancer Hazard
* 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide may be a CARCINOGEN in humans
since it has been shown to cause leukemia and other types of
cancer in animals.
* Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to
a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for
causing reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* There is limited evidence that 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide has
caused CANCER in the offspring of animals exposed during
pregnancy.
Other Long Term Effects
* There are no other long term effects known at this time.
Medical Testing
There is no special test for this chemical. However, if illness
occurs or overexposure is suspected, medical attention is
recommended.
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following control is recommended:
* Where possible, automatically transfer 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-
Dioxide from drums or other storage containers to process
containers.
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 1,2-
Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide should change into clean clothing
promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 1,2-
Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide.
* If there is a possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower
facilities should be provided.
* On skin contact with 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide, immediately
wash or shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the
workshift, wash any areas of the body that may have contacted
1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide, whether or not known skin contact
has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide
is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be
swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA)
filter should be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide. Wear
protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the
most protective glove/clothing material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Wear splash proof chemical goggles and face shield when
working with liquid, unless full facepiece respiratory
protection is worn.
* Wear dust proof goggles and face shield when working with
powders or dust, unless full facepiece respiratory protection
is worn.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure
to 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide does not occur.
* Where the potential exists for exposure to 1,2-Oxathiolane-
2,2-Dioxide, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator
with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode
or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous
flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained
breathing apparatus with a full face piece operated in
pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide
DOT Number: None
DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation
CAS Number: 1120-71-4
----------------------------------------
NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY Not Found
REACTIVITY Not Found
----------------------------------------
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
CARCINOGEN
----------------------------------------
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is a COMBUSTIBLE SOLID.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Oxides of
Sulfur.
* Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam extinguishers.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is spilled or leaked, take the
following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill or leak until cleanup is complete.
* Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar
material and deposit in sealed containers.
* Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe
manner and deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 1,2-Oxathiolane-
2,2-Dioxide as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state
Environmental Program for specific recommendations.
==========================================
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
==========================================
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide you should
be trained on its proper handling and storage.
* Solid 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide melts at temperatures above
88oF.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated
area.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash
contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and water.
PHYSICAL DATA
Flash Point: Greater than 235oF
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
Other Names and Formulations:
1,3 Propane Sultone.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
------------------------------------------
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368
------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is used to modify cellulose, starch and
carbohydrates; for coating resins and water-insoluble
pharmaceutical chemicals to increase their solubility in water; and
in dying processes. 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide may enter the
environment from industrial discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
Toxicity tests with aquatic organisms have not been conducted with
1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide, so the acute toxicity to aquatic life
is unknown and cannot be predicted. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of 1,2-
Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide to plants, birds, or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
Toxicity tests with aquatic organisms have not been conducted with
1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide, so the chronic toxicity to aquatic
life is unknown and cannot be predicted. Insufficient data are
available to evaluate or predict the long-term effects of 1,2-
Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is highly soluble in water.
Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter
of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide is highly persistent in water, with a
half-life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is
the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 100% of 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide will
eventually end up in water.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide found in fish
tissues is expected to be about the same as the average
concentration of 1,2-Oxathiolane-2,2-Dioxide in the water from
which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.
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