Common Name: 1-Napthylamine
CAS Number: 134-32-7
DOT Number: UN 2077
Date: January, 1988
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HAZARD SUMMARY
* 1-Napthylamine can affect you when breathed in and by passing
through your skin.
* 1-Napthylamine should be handled as a CARCINOGEN WITH EXTREME
CAUTION.
* High exposure can cause the skin, and lips to turn blue. This
reduces the ability of the blood cells to carry oxygen to body
organs (Methemoglobinemia).
* Some related chemicals can damage the liver and/or cause skin
allergies. It is not known whether 1-Napthylamine has these
effects.
IDENTIFICATION
1-Napthylamine is a white or yellow crystalline (sugar or sand
like) material which turns purplish red upon exposure to air. It is
used in dye and rubber manufacturing and to control weeds.
REASON FOR CITATION
* 1-Napthylamine is on the Hazardous Substance List because it
is regulated by OSHA and cited by CAG, DEP, NFPA, NIOSH and
EPA.
* This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List
because it is a CARCINOGEN and a MUTAGEN.
* Definitions are attached.
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely
evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air
samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your
employer. You have a legal right to this information under
OSHA 1910.20.
* If you think you are experiencing any work related health
problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational
diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA and NIOSH have identified 1-Napthylamine as an occupational
carcinogen without establishing a permissible exposure limit (PEL).
It should be recognized that 1-Napthylamine can be absorbed through
your skin, thereby increasing your exposure.
* 1-Napthylamine may be a CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be no
safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should
be reduced to the lowest possible level.
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
* Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust
ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust
ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be
worn.
* A regulated, marked area should be established where 1
Napthylamine is handled, used, or stored.
* Wear protective work clothing.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 1 Napthylamine
and at the end of the workshift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In
addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort,
communicate all information on the health and safety hazards
of 1-Napthylamine to potentially exposed workers.
This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential
and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure.
Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other
factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential
effects described below.
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HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short term) health effects may occur
immediately or shortly after exposure to 1-Napthylamine:
* High exposures can cause the lips and skin to turn blue,
called methemoglobinemia. This causes less oxygen to be
carried by the blood cells to body organs.
* 1-Napthylamine may pass through the skin without a sense of
irritation or other warning.
Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some
time after exposure to 1-Napthylamine and can last for months or
years:
Cancer Hazard
* 1-Napthylamine may be a CARCINOGEN in humans since it has been
shown to cause lung, liver and leukemia cancers in animals.
There has been reports of excesses of bladder cancer among
individuals who work with 1-Napthylamine. This may be due to
contamination with 2 Napthylamine which is a human carcinogen.
* Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to
a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for
causing reproductive damage in humans.
Reproductive Hazard
* According to the information presently available to the New
Jersey Department of Health, 1-Napthylamine has not been
tested for its ability to adversely affect reproduction.
Other Long Term Effects
* Related chemicals ("aromatic amines") can cause liver damage
and/or a skin allergy. If allergy develops, even very low
future exposure could trigger symptoms of rash and itching. It
is not known whether 1-Napthylamine has these effects.
MEDICAL TESTING
Before beginning employment and at regular times after that, the
following are recommended:
* Urine cytology (a test for abnormal cells in the urine).
* A urine test for 1-Napthylamine can also be done to determine
whether this cancer agent is entering the body. For accuracy,
it should be done shortly after exposure.
If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may
be useful:
* Test for methemoglobin (most accurate a few hours after
exposure; the blood sample must be promptly tested).
Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present
symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already
done are not a substitute for controlling exposure.
Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to
this information under OSHA 1910.20.
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous
substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of
reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations
and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical
release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using
respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the
controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary.
In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1)
how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is
released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye
contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing
exposures are possible.
In addition, the following controls are recommended:
* Where possible, transfer 1-Napthylamine from drums or other
storage containers to process containers.
* Specific engineering controls are required for this chemical
by OSHA. Refer to the OSHA standard: 29 CFR 1910.1004 "alpha
Naphthylamine".
Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The
following work practices are recommended:
* Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 1
Napthylamine should change into clean clothing promptly.
* Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members
could be exposed.
* Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals
who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 1-
Napthylamine.
* If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower
facilities should be provided.
* On skin contact with 1-Napthylamine, immediately wash or
shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the work shift,
wash any areas of the body that may have contacted 1-
Napthylamine, whether or not known skin contact has occurred.
* Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1-Napthylamine is handled,
processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed.
Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking.
* Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean up.
DO NOT DRY SWEEP.
* When vacuuming, a high efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA)
filter should be used, not a standard shop vacuum.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry,
jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace
controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply
to every situation.
Clothing
* Avoid skin contact with 1-Napthylamine. Wear protective gloves
and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can
provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
* All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear)
should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Eye Protection
* Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory
protection.
Respiratory Protection
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should
only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into
account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training,
respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA
1910.134.
* Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure
to 1-Napthylamine does not occur.
* At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air
respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive
pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the
continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self
contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated
in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.
Common Name: 1-Napthylamine
DOT Number: UN 2077
DOT Emergency Guide code: 55
CAS Number: 134-32-7
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NJ DOH Hazard rating
FLAMMABILITY 1
REACTIVITY 0
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CARCINOGEN
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE
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Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious;
4=severe
FIRE HAZARDS
* 1-Napthylamine may burn, but does not readily ignite.
* Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam extinguishers;
however, water or foam may cause frothing.
* POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Nitrogen
Oxides.
* CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE.
* If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If 1-Napthylamine is spilled, take the following steps:
* Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of
spill until cleanup is complete.
* Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe
manner and deposit in sealed containers.
* It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 1 Napthylamine
as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your State Environmental Program
for specific recommendations.
FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
* Prior to working with 1-Napthylamine you should be trained on
its proper handling and storage.
* Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated
area away from LIGHT.
* A regulated, marked area should be established where 1
Napthylamine is handled, used, or stored.
FIRST AID
POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
* Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
* Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash
contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and water.
Breathing
* Remove the person from exposure.
* Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped.
* Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
PHYSICAL DATA
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 220oF
Flash Point: 315oF
Water Solubility: Insoluble
OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES
Chemical Name:
1-Napthalenamine
Other Names and Formulations:
1-Aminonaphthalene; alpha-Napthylamine; Fast Garnet B Base.
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Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes.
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NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Right to Know Program
CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368
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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
1-Naphthylamine is a reddish crystalline solid used to make dyes
and toning prints. It may enter the environment from industrial
discharges or spills.
ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or
fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are
seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with
a toxic chemical substance.
1-Naphthylamine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and has
caused chromosomal effects and root kill in an agricultural crop.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short-
term effects of this chemical to birds or land animals.
CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive
problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior.
Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic
chemical.
1-Naphthylamine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life.
Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long-
term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or land animals.
WATER SOLUBILITY
1-Naphthylamine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of
1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1-Naphthylamine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life
of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the
amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be
degraded. About 98% of 1-Naphthylamine will eventually end up in
water; about 1%, respectively, will end up in terrestrial soils and
aquatic sediments.
BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in
living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink
contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can
become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals
and humans.
The concentration of 1-Naphthylamine found in fish tissues is
expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of 1-
Naphthylamine in the water from which the fish was taken.
SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.,
Phytotox.
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